What Justice Means to Me free essay sample

What Justice Means to Me and How I Will Impact Society Karin Jordan University of Phoenix This class is the first in my major of Criminal Justice, and all through this class there will be a lot of important data acquired. Equity can have a few implications to it since us all are diverse in our own specific manner, and we as a whole will have distinctive attitude toward circumstances. All through this exploration paper you will find out about what equity intends to me, and how I figure I will affect society once I accomplish my bachelor’s certificate in Criminal Justice. Furthermore, you will have the option to contrast and the staying of the schoolmates to see precisely what number of our perspectives are the equivalent or unique. To wrap things up, there will be at any rate two instances of genuine cases that have happened in the past with my feeling on the off chance that I thought equity was served or not with my knowledge of what equity intends to me. We will compose a custom exposition test on What Justice Means to Me or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Equity is a significant point I have confidence on the planet today in light of the criminal law framework (organize) and the issues occurring. I feel that equity is the point at which an individual who perpetrated a wrongdoing and is seen as liable is responsible for the wrongdoing. Besides, equity likewise intends to guarantee that the respondent is dealt with decently and unprejudiced through the criminal equity process. The criminal equity process has a sum of 11 stages which is the accompanying: wrongdoing, examination, capture, booking, beginning appearance, arraignment, preliminary, condemning, claim, redresses, and to wrap things up the discharge. When the litigant has been seen as liable of the wrongdoing and effectively experienced all the means of the criminal equity framework and the choice was reasonable I will considered â€Å"justice served†. The principal model I might want to examine will be the Michael Vick case about pooch battling. Michael Vick is an acclaimed NFL football player that was a beginning quarter back for the Atlanta Falcons. In July 17, 2009, Michael Vick was prosecuted with unlawful canine battling. The name of the association was â€Å"Bad Newz Kennels† situated in Surry County, Virginia. Vick had various records against him for executing pit bulls by battling them. Vick was indicted and condemned to serve 12 to year and a half in jail. Presently that Vick has carried out his punishment and now discharged I feel that â€Å"justice was served†. In any case, presently that Vick is out and attempting to proceed with his life higher specialists is making it hard. There was a lot of debate about him having the option to keep on playing football until the end of time, lastly they chose to let a NFL group draft pick him yet at the same time not permitted to play until NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell gives the alright. All things considered, I feel now for this situation â€Å"justice was not served† in light of the fact that they are as yet attempting to punish him after he served his time for the wrongdoing. The subsequent case is managing Donte Stallworth who is the wide recipient for the Cleveland Browns in the NFL. He really was driving affected by liquor and hit a man going across the road on March 14, 2009. Later on all through the examination Stallworth confessed to vehicle homicide of a multi year elderly person named Mario Reyes. Stallworth blood-liquor level was 0. 126 which was over the territory of Florida liquor level. During the court continuing with the case concerning Stallworth he was condemned to 24 days in prison which he finished, alongside 10 years of probation, 1000 hours of network administration, and to wrap things up a â€Å"lifetime† bar against driving. The NFL last decision for Stallworth to the extent his punishment through NFL, he was suspended for the whole season without pay for damaging the league’s arrangements on close to home lead and substance misuse. For this situation it might appear as though â€Å"justice was served† in light of the fact that there was not any sort of brutal discipline but rather I don’t concur that â€Å"justice was served†. I differ that â€Å"justice because served† is on the grounds that Stallworth executed a person versus Vick slaughtering hounds. Stallworth ought to have been required to do some sort of jail term for murdering a person because of alcoholic driving since it despite everything was a passing included. It shouldn’t matter how much cash or notoriety an individual may have in the event that a wrongdoing is carried out, at that point there ought to be appropriate discipline for the wrongdoing. Since I have clarified two models dependent on my supposition if equity was served or not I feel that I will affect society here and there once I get my bachelor’s certificate in Criminal Justice. I will be reasonable in any choice that should be made because of the circumstance of the customer I might be managing around then. I will likewise consider attempting and assisting with making positive results for the customers that perhaps on parole or probation around then. I will abstain from attempting to be pessimistic with the customers since they previously going to have an antagonistic viewpoint about themselves in certain individuals points of view. I feel once they possess served their energy for the wrongdoing the individual ought to have another opportunity at recapturing a positive result for their life. For instance: If I had a customer that was accused of threatening behavior and they carried out their punishment and afterward was put on two years of probation, I will at that point concoct an arrangement to assist the customer with their indignation and to stay away from them from getting in a tough situation for a similar thing as in the past.

Intergovernmental Management Essay

1. What is the arrangement of the United States Constitution that may apply on account of an understanding or minimal between at least two states? Concerning appropriate arrangement of the United States Constitution is Section 10 of Article I. That area of the Constitution gives to some degree that â€Å"(n)o State will, without the Consent of Congress †¦ go into any Agreement or Compact with another State.† 2. Do you feel that the proposition of James Raika to simply go into an understanding between the offices falls under that arrangement? Do you imagine that his proposition is sensible? What do you see as the significant bit of leeway of that proposition? In your view, what is a significant issue with this constrained methodology? The proposition of James Raika to go into an understanding between the divisions doesn’t fall under the arrangement without the Consent of Congress. The University Education is qualifies for its privileges and, for example, an ethical obligation to the state and that the Consent of Congress endorsement isn’t required. James Raika’s proposition is sensible with going into a concurrence with their partner in that different states to permit understudies to go to at in-state rates if a program isn't offered in the home condition of the understudy. What I see as a significant preferred position of the proposition is that the understanding would be effortlessly comprehended to compose and execute an arrangement. The serious issue is presenting settling on an understanding between the divisions in the two neighboring states might be exceeding the force conceded to every one. In my own view the serious issue with this constrained methodology is that the states breaking there understandings and not finishing proposition plan sooner rather than later. 3. For what reason do you guess that Morgan James needs to adopt an increasingly extended strategy? What do you believe are a portion of the advantages of that approach? What do you feel are the potential issues? What might be the arrangement of occasions for continuing to attempt to pick up endorsement? The motivation behind why Morgan James needs to adopt a progressively extended strategy is to ensure they follow all the rulesâ and guidelines so that there are no issues concerning advanced education. Morgan could presumably need to look for full duties of this significant development approach. Despite the fact that her situation as Executive Director’s position is designated or chosen that could be her thinking into spurring this methodology as well. The arrangement of occasions to attempt to pick up endorsement would be the procedure of development and going of laws. In the development phase of making sense of the proposed it will take the basic activities, for example, setting up partners, to decide the requirements of the neighboring states, and primer of structures/archives. In conclusion, get the enactment to pass and marked into a law inside each express that is involved with the understanding. 4. On the off chance that Margaret Smith is against the thought, in either structure, what are the suggestions? For what reason do you think she is against the thought? What may you have the option to do to help facilitate a conversation between the gatherings? Margaret Smith appear to differ by restricting to this thought. One explanation recommend is that she doesn't care for the thought administrative endeavors at controlling the expenses might be bypassed by some endeavor at our advanced education division to propose a concurrence with another state to forgo the out-of-state rates in numerous occurrences. Furthermore, the various barriers that could be confronted with various issues. What I may have the option to do to help arrange is meet with her and different gatherings to show the expectation of expenses and advantages of various purpose of perspectives on the outcome.

Elon Musks Learnings from Launching Businesses

Elon Musk’s Learnings from Launching Businesses ELON MUSK’S LEARNINGS FROM LAUNCHING BUSINESSES Born in South Africa on the 28th of June 1971, Elon Musk moved to Canada at the age of 17. By 1995, Musk left Stanford University to start his very first business. He founded PayPal (online payment), SolarCity (solar energy), SpaceX (space and rocket technology), Tesla Motors (electric cars), and Zip2 (online yellow pages).He is just one of two people in the world who founded three billion dollar businesses. Moreover, he is always known as a pioneer in any business he takes on.For example, SpaceX is the first private business to launch rockets into space. They even have goals of helping human life colonization in Mars by 2030. © Flickr | Heisenberg MediaAs an extremely successful serial entrepreneur who knows how to take advantage of innovation, here are some learnings from Elon Musk to help launch your business.ELON MUSK’S LEARNINGS FROM LAUNCHING BUSINESSESElon Musk, as evidenced by his many businesses, has demonstrated that he can revolutionize everyday life whether it is driving environmentally friendly cars through Tesla or exploring space via SpaceX. Here are a couple of things you can learn from Elon Musk for your own start-up business.Think outside of your world.According to Max Levchin, Musk’s PayPal co-founder, Musk is that person who when someone says something is impossible, he responds that he thinks he can do it. He obviously exists, not merely to create companies, but to create history. His automobile innovations have him being compared to Henry Ford. Even Jon Favreau, the director of “Iron Man” based Tony Stark (Iron Man) on Musk.In order to think outside of your world like Musk, collaborate with others so you can find opportunities to create and grow; do not be afraid of radical change that alters the status quo; go for things that may seem impossible.Communicate a strong vision.Businesses with the most effectual leaders have a strong vision. They share their vision and plan out how to achieve it. They are also able to affect how others see their point of view.People like Musk have a vision that is revolutionary more than evolutionary. They move at lightning speed and always aim to change the game.Case in point, the government of California invested USD 68 billion for a high-speed rail line that goes from Los Angeles to San Francisco at 3 hours, traveling for 200 miles an hour. Currently, the project is not going as originally planned.To counter the traffic problem, Elon Musk answered with the Hyperloop. The Hyperloop plans to transport passengers from Los Angeles to San Francisco in just 3 minutes, traveling at 800 miles an hour. This plan would take 8 yea rs to build and will only cost USD 10 billion. As someone who is beginning his or her business, what is your vision for your company? Is it strong enough? Can you talk about it clearly to others? Find opportunities in emerging industries.Musk only begins companies in emerging industries. In the latter part of the 1990s, the internet was only emerging. He started Zip2 and then later on, PayPal. Both were successful because he hit the ground running while the internet was relatively a new thing.Afterwards, Musk went into three more emerging industries: SolarCity, Tesla Motors, and SpaceX. Since they were pioneers, they benefited from the minimal competition and high growth potential.So think about and be aware of untapped or promising industries.Product quality comes first.Elon Musk believes in focusing on product quality first. Sometimes, he thinks that people are too focused on how to manage, for example, but they should focus on the product, particularly on how to make it really co mpelling for the customer. So focus on the how to make your product better.Have confidence.The most effective leaders in business have strong confidence in themselves. Musk has such great confidence that he makes use of his own finances for his projects.He invested more than USD 10 million in Solar City, USD 55 million in Tesla Motors, and more than USD 100 million in SpaceX. Ask yourself this: do you have enough confidence in your capabilities that you would invest in yourself and your business?You need to invest in yourself! Read the following slides and understand why and how to invest in yourself.[slideshare id=16627018doc=thestart-upofyouexecutivesummary1-130219104408-phpapp02w=710h=400]Be prepared for a pivot.When we say “pivot,” we mean, be prepared to change your direction but keep one foot on the ground.When Musk turned the online bank, X.com to the worldwide online payment transfer system, PayPal, X.com turned into something completely unrecognizable. However, Musk use d many of its resources, including a modern way of transferring money securely online using just an email address.This pivot resulted in a huge success. As soon as PayPal was used on EBay, it achieved even greater success.Always look for criticism.Remember that criticism might sting in the beginning. But it would gradually shape you into a better person and you can feel the benefits of it in the long term. Criticism can create improvements.On the flipside, compliments can create complacency. When Musk was working on the Tesla Model S, he did not want to know what is great about the car, he wanted to know what was wrong with it, so he can improve it.Challenge the reality.Musk agrees with Einstein’s belief that problems cannot be solved with the same thinking that started them in the first place. Case in point, there was a time when people said that battery packs are just expensive because they are costly to make and people accepted that fact.However, Musk figured out that when your break the batteries down to their basic components, you can create your own batteries. Hence, their costs decreased substantially. This created the latest project of Musk, Tesla Energy, which is energy storage for sustainable businesses and homes. Since he challenged the status quo, he is developing energy storage that is causing revolutionary change in the world.Of course, not all of us can think and create as revolutionary as Musk. Keep it simple by questioning yourself or someone whenever something seems to be accepted, just because you think it is what it is. Try to change the status quo and ask the hard questions. Go behind the truths of the basics. Always ask why until it hurts. ??[slideshare id=24350398doc=challengingthestatusquo-130717132929-phpapp02w=710h=400]Concentrate on the signal rather than the noise.Elon Musk always underscores focus, especially in product development. For example, many businesses put much of their funds into marketing rather than engineering. Musk chooses to slightly promote a great product rather than promote a mediocre product to death.In Tesla, they did not spend money on advertisements. They put their funds into research and development, design, engineering, and manufacturing. Before they spend their money, they would always ask if it would improve the product. So focus on the signal and not the noise.Know that you can fail and thus, have a contingency plan.Lack of action is a result of fear, specifically fear of failure. Many do not start the business of their dreams because they afraid of wasting money and failing.If you are Musk and you are starting a business whose objective is to explore space, failure is a very possible option. But instead of giving up, Musk expected failure and created a contingency plan for SpaceX. He said that if he did not get the first rocket launch by SpaceX once they have spent USD 100 million, then the company would cease.This, Musk said, is sufficient for around three launches. In the first USD 30 million launch, it failed. In the second USD 60 million launch, it failed again. For the third and last launch, SpaceX’s launch finally succeeded. This successful launch got them a USD 1.6 billion NASA contract to twelve resupply flights to the station.Of course, Musk was afraid of failure, but what he did was address the possibility of failure to bring him back again. This was what led him to send rockets into space.Have an exit plan.Know when to call it quits. If Musk kept running PayPal, certainly, he would be successful and rich. However, he would not have rocket ships or electric sports cars attached to his name. Musk knew how long to stay in a company and when to leave it.For example, Musk founded Zip2 in 1995 and sold it to Compaq in 1998 for USD 307 million, with Musk receiving USD 22 million. He then founded X.com. Then he left after a few years, selling PayPal to EBay for USD 1.5 billion in 2002, with Musk receiving USD 165 million in EBay stocks. Through selling , Musk got enough capital to start extraordinary businesses.Learn about why you should be thinking about selling your company. Eliminate your worries by having a worst-case scenario.Even after creating a contingency plan for worst-case scenarios, you can still feel wary. Perhaps a good way to take away the fear is to put yourself in that worst-case scenario to check how you feel about your business failing.Case in point, Musk decided he would like to be an entrepreneur at 17 years of age. What he did was to force himself to live on a dollar a day, as what entrepreneurs did. During that period, he ate only oranges and hotdogs.Because he was successful in his experiment, he knew that money would not be a problem for him. By trying out how it was like to be poor, he knew he could be an entrepreneur and this propelled him into a spectacular entrepreneurship.Invest your earnings in new businesses.For the times Musk cashed in his company for millions, he invested forty-five-percent or mor e of the earnings back to his new businesses within the year. USD 10 million of the USD 22 million Musk received from selling Zip2 helped him to found X.com (which turned to PayPal).The USD 100 million of the USD 165 million he received from the PayPal sale helped him to found SpaceX. So if you would like to be a serial entrepreneur because you have many business ideas you want to come into fruition, try to invest your earnings into your new businesses. If you want to focus on just your one business, invest your earnings into your business.Hire carefully but fire fast.Elon Musk is well known for being very detailed with putting his staff together. He believes that every person that he hires is essential for his company. Musk has a very high standard for people hired in his companies, particularly SpaceX. He literally wants the best people in the world.It is thus difficult for him to find them. Once he finds them, he is usually able to attract them to his company. But if he has made a mistake in hiring, he is unsentimental and quick about it. He learned from experience with PayPal to fire without hesitation.Although it sounds terrible, if someone is not working out, he believes it is better to part ways earlier than later. Do not try too hard to make something work even if it just cannot work.Be your happiest customer.Musk loves  his Tesla Model 6 that he used it to drive across the U.S. with his sons. The 3,200-mile journey took him 6 days and 9 hours. This was not just a great public relations campaign to feature the charging stations of Tesla. By driving this model, he got firsthand knowledge on improving this premiere car.For SpaceX, Musk gets more motivated to succeed because he wants to be one of its customers as soon as possible. When he is 61 years old, he wants to be on his way to Mars in a rocket by 2030. So think about your business. Would you want to be its customer? Would you really be happy whenever you buy your product?Leadership requires that yo u step forward.As previously mentioned, SpaceX took three launches to succeed. The Falcon 1 launch vehicle went through its first and most dangerous phase wherein it breaks away from the gravitational pull of the Earth. Yet the rocket faltered afterwards and they could not maintain communication with it. The mission failed.More than three-hundred SpaceX employees felt heartbroken because they did not succeed and they feared for their jobs.Then Musk spoke to them. He said that he already had more investment for SpaceX so they can continue on their mission. Musk also told his staff not what they must do, but what he would do. He said that he would never give up and when he says that, he means never.The crowd noted that it was the most impressive show of leadership they have ever seen. Because of his encouraging words, the group went from defeat and sadness to determination as everyone was inspired to move forward and to not look back. Eventually, SpaceX became successful in its launch .  Work hard and persevere.Musk says that it is a good idea to start your company if you do not mind the high risk and working hard. If you do not want to do so, then you have to do something else.He is known to put in a hundred hours of work every week between SpaceX and Tesla. He simply believes that this is the cornerstone of success in any business.If you are putting in hundred hour workweeks and other people are simply putting in forty hour workweeks, then even if you do the exact thing, you will reach the same objective in 4 months versus their 1 year.Continuously learn.Leaders who are as effective as Elon Musk are always creating ideas. Since he is a serial entrepreneur, he has created many billion-dollar companies through his ideas. But how does he create ideas?It does not merely pop into his head. He reads a lot and is able to connect things that do not seem apparent. This gives him the resources to make big steps forward. So prioritize continuous learning. If you want to learn something that is foreign to you, read and research about the topic.When Musk founded SpaceX, he realized that there is so much to learn. Even though he was rich in experience in physics, he had to seriously teach himself a lot, so he could design the first rocket of SpaceX and the bigger booster to create a launch debut. This was a big learning curve for him, as he has not designed anything physical, except for creating rockets when he was a child.In the beginning, he did not want to be the rocket’s chief designer. He kept on attempting to hire other people to become the designer, but individuals who wanted to join could not do it and the individuals who could do it did not want to join. So, he became the chief rocket designer by default. He succeeded in it by continuously learning.Know your limits.Musk is hardworking and very smart but he knows his limits. In 2006, Elon wanted to start a solar panel company. However, he knew that if he started with this idea, he would over extend and be unavailable to work on Tesla and SpaceX.Hence, he shared this idea with Peter and Lyndon Rive. They then founded SolarCity. Musk became the main investor of the company and its Chairman. But he has kept his distance from the company so it does not take too much of his energy and time.Hence, when you launch a business, know where your limits lie and if you could be stretching yourself too thin. Solve problems outside of yourself.Do you think whether your work influences the world? Can you solve the problems of the future? Do you even think towards the future?Musk did not ask what are some of the best approaches to make more money, but he asked what are some of the problems that can affect humanity in the future. Whenever you talk to Musk, he does not mention profit.He instead discusses the goal of SpaceX to making the people of the Earth into a species that can go to other planets. Musk simply does not want to improve his world, but the everyone’s world.Work with inte grity.The most effective businesspersons work with integrity and take the high road. Even though Musk invested more than USD 55 million of his money in Tesla Motors, he still needed more funds.He borrowed more than USD 400 million from the government. Afterwards, he repaid the loan and thanked Congress, the Department of Energy, and others for helping him. Always thank others, be humble, and take the high road.Find your bigger purpose.Before, Elon Musk used to ask about what his purpose was until he figured out what mattered to him. He always had an existential crisis, attempting to find out what it all means. He realized that to increase the knowledge of the world, you have to increase the scale and scope of consciousness.Thus, you can be able to ask the correct questions and become enlightened. He believes this is the way to go forward. Hence, find your bigger purpose, which would lead us to the last learning from Musk.Begin a business that addresses your bigger purpose.The missio n of Musk went beyond profit making to making an impact for the good. Whenever he goes to work, he knows that he is creating renewable energy, reducing carbon emissions, saving humans just in case the Earth collides with an asteroid.Perhaps the first step for you if you want to address your bigger purpose is to ask what it all means for you? Align your business with your purpose in life, work smart, hard, and better in order to reach your goals.Image credit: Flickr | Heisenberg Media under CC BY 2.0.

The Concept Of Stock Selection In Kuwait Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3503 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Choosing the right stock for investment is usually a hard and a difficult decision for investment and portfolio managers as the action of selecting a stock to buy is not that easy due to the different perspectives that need to be evaluated before taking the action of purchasing a stock. The decision to purchase stock includes the necessary evaluation of several perspectives, this leads to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is considered a multi-criteria decision-making tool that can select the most efficient stocks from a large combination of stocks. In this chapter, the usefulness of Data Envelopment Analysis as an efficiency measurement tool used for ideal stock selection and portfolio construction is presented several studies are presented which examines the effect of corporate action announcements on share prices and trading activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Concept Of Stock Selection In Kuwait Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This subject has encouraged researchers to publish many theoretical and empirical studies for more than 40 years. In literature, the majority of studies found that corporate action announcements such as dividend, capital increase, and earnings per share (EPS) announcements, have strong effects on the share prices and trading activities, and that these effects appear in a predictable manner around critical dates; and therefore, it is important for the trading desk in any firm to have access to accurate and timely data on such corporate actions in order to conduct proper and more efficient trading strategies. However, a more careful look at literature reveals a vast amount of contradictions in the empirical studies done on corporate action announcement. This chapter tackles the background overview of these studies and shows the contradictions between them. This chapter starts with a brief about Kuwait economy then an overview about the Kuwait Stock Exchange, its regulation and the t rading rules in Kuwait Stock Exchange. Then in the following part 2.4, the concept of stock selection is discussed via highlighting the validity of different methods used for stock selection .Part 2.5 gives an overview about Data Envelopment Analysis, its history, models and its strengths and limitations. This chapter ends with part 2.6 that shows previous researches that examined the use of Data Envelopment Analysis as a useful tool for stock selection. 2.2 Kuwait Economy Kuwait is considered a geographically small country (ranked number 157 worldwide), but with a high crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels (9% of world reserves), petroleum accounts for 50% of GDP, 95% of export incomes. Kuwaiti government estimation is to increase oil production to 4 million barrel/day by 2020. High oil prices was the reason behind the ability of Kuwait to bypass the economic crisis, where in 2008 it reported a 10 successive years of budget surpluses before reporting a budget deficit in 2009. In 2009 the Kuwaiti government allocated $140 billion for a five year plan in order to diversify its income via attracting more investment, and increasing the private sector participation in the economy.(CIA world-factbook, 2010) 2.3 Kuwait Stock exchange (KSE) 2.3.1 Kuwait Stock exchange overview The  Kuwait Stock Exchange  was established by law in 1977 and it is considered as the first and largest stock exchanges in the  gulf  region. Since 1977 KSE went through many changes until it was organized by an Amiri decree on 1983, where many regulations and decisions where taken by the ministry of commerce, and KSE committee to come up with the rules that can comply with the international standards in order to enhance the performance of the stock market in Kuwait. In 1990 after the Iraqi invasion KSE postponed its work till the liberation of Kuwait in 1992, and then in 1995 it became the most active market in the Arab World after the adoption of an automated trading system. In year 2000 was the start of foreigners participation in KSE via owning shares of Kuwaiti shareholding companies. James (2007) By the end 2007 KSE was ranked number 38 within the world largest stock market capitalisation with about $188 billion. (Economist, 2010) While in 2 009 it was ranked number 34 with a market capital of $96 billion. (CIA world-factbook, 2010) In 2002 KSE contained 77 listed companies ,while now in 2010 KSE contains 229 company distributed on 10 sectors which are the banking sector ( 9 companies),investment sector (51 company), insurance sector ( 7 companies), real estate sector ( 39 companies), industrial sector ( 28 companies ), services sector ( 60 companies), food sector ( 6 companies), non Kuwaities sector ( 14 company), mutual fund sector ( 1 company) and the parallel market sector ( 14 company) . (Kuwait Stock Exchange, 2010) 2.3.2 Kuwait Stock exchange regulations Upon these rules in 2007 In order to protect the rights of investors KSE Committee took the decision No. (4) for the Year 2007 which states that all listed companies in the KSE must organize their general assembly meeting at the end of each companys financial year within a period of 45 days from the KSE committee approval date on its annual financial statements, where all the companies must distribute the cash and share dividends to shareholders in a period of 10 working days after the approval taken within the companys general assembly meeting. (Kuwait Stock Exchange, 2010) 2.3.3 KSE trading rules Trading in KSE regular market is characterized by 2 main issues the first one is the ability of only trading shares in the form of units ranging from 500 shares till 80000 shares and the second is the limitation of the stock price fluctuation during a day trade where the main guide of the following rules is the price of the stock in the market as according to the price share the investor is obligated to buy and sell shares in form of units where the share prices can fluctuate 5 pricing units daily according to its category. (Kuwait Stock Exchange, 2010) Stock Price (Fils) Value Unit Unit Change (Fils) Max Daily Change (5 Units) 0.5:50 80,000 0.5 50.5 = 2.5 Fils 51:100 40,000 1 51 = 5 Fils 102:250 20,000 2 52 = 10 Fils 255:500 10,000 5 55 = 25 Fils 510:1000 5,000 10 510 = 50 Fils 1020:2520 2,500 20 520 = 100 Fils 2520:5000 1,000 20 520 = 100 Fils 5050:9050 500 50 50X5 = 250 Fi ls 2.4 Stock selection Ideal stock selection is the goal of each portfolio manger in order to reach the optimum combination of stocks to form an investment portfolio that yields the best results in terms of ROI and to increase the value of the portfolio. Michael Yan-Leung (1998) investigated the practice of investment management in Hong Kong regarding stock selection as a 142 investment managers from several categories were asked to rank the importance of fundamental analysis, technical analysis and portfolio analysis as methods for stock selection, results showed that fundamental and technical analyses comes first followed by portfolio analysis. Michael, et al. (1998) This was relevant with the survey done by Carter and Van Auken (1990) over 185 portfolio managers in the United States as the result showed that fundamental analysis was ranked number one followed by technical analysis and in the third rank came the portfolio analysis. Carter, et al. (1990) Several studies and researches have bee n done in order to evaluate these strategies. Starting with the random stock selection Hsin-Hung Chen (2008) outline Jensens (1968) New evidence on size and price-to-book effects in stock returns demonstrated that fund managers in financial service industry generally failed to outperform a random selection of stocks. (Jensen, 1968, in Hsin-Hung Chen, 2008). Ion Elena (2010) studied portfolio analysis as a strategy for stock selection via examining the efficiency of investing the whole capital in one sector and the efficiency of investing the capital in a diversified portfolio where the results showed that the portfolios based on stocks from one sector showed a higher return than portfolios based on stocks from diversified sectors. Ion Elena (2010) Lukas Menkhoff (2010) concluded in his survey study about the use of technical analysis as a stock selection tool by fund managers via analyzing survey evidence from 692 fund managers in five countries, the vast majority of whom re ly on technical analysis. At a forecasting horizon of weeks, technical analysis is the most important form of analysis and up to this horizon it is thus more important than fundamental analysis. Technicians are as experienced as educated, as successful in their career and largely just as overconfident in decision-making as others. However, technical analysis is somewhat more popular in smaller asset management firms. What we find most significant is the relation of technical analysis with the view that prices are heavily determined by psychological influences. Lukas Menkhoff (2010) Going through the fundamental analysis based strategy which is defined as a method of evaluating  a security  that entails  attempting to measure  its intrinsic value by examining related economic, financial and other qualitative and quantitative factors. (Investopedia, 2010) Many studies done on evaluating the efficiency of this strategy upon them is the research study o f Jane Stephen (1989) which resulted in that if an extensive financial statement analysis is done to the data from financial statements it is possible to predict future stock returns as this fundamental measure captures equity values that are not reflected in stock prices. Jane Stephen (1989) The use of data envelopment analysis in order to analyse multiple financial ratios in order to identify the most efficient stocks will be discussed in sector number 2.5 2.5 Data envelopment analysis overview Efficiency, defined as the competency in performance, was always the goal of any productive person, firm or any other entity as efficiency can classify any unit and categorizes it in the top of the rank if it is highly efficient or at the bottom of the rank if it is inefficient. Data envelopment analysis represents one of the most widely used tools to measure the efficiency as it was described by Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes (1978) as a mathematical programming model applied to observational data that provides a new way of obtaining empirical estimates of relations such as the production functions and/or efficient production possibility surfaces that are cornerstones of modern economics (Charnes, et al., 1978). 2.5.1 Introduction Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is considered a recent manner of evaluating the performance or the efficiency of a group of units or entities called Decision Making Units (DMUs).In the last few years DEA was used to evaluate the performance of different types of DMUs such as health care organisations, military units, schools, firms and countries. Cooper, Seiford Zhu (2004) sited that DEA has also been used to supply new insights into activities (and entities) that have previously been evaluated by other methods. For instance, studies of benchmarking practices with DEA have identified numerous sources of inefficiency in some of the most profitable firms firms that had served as benchmarks by reference to this (profitability) criterion and this have provided a vehicle for identifying better benchmarks in many applied studies. (Cooper, et al., 2004). What makes DEA different from other methods is that it is firstly based on building frontiers and not on central tendencies and secondly its minimal need for assumptions, due to these differences, DEA shows a superior perfection in defining efficiency or in explaining why one DMU is more efficient than another DMU which is achieved via a direct way without the extensive need of assumptions required by other methods as with linear and nonlinear regression models. Relative efficiency in DEA is neglecting the need of taking into consideration a pre-measurement of relative importance to any input or output Definition 1 (Efficiency Extended Pareto-Koopmans Definition): Full (100%) efficiency is attained by any DMU if and only if none of its inputs or outputs can be improved without worsening some of its other inputs or outputs. (Cooper, et al., 2004). This definition is replaced by Definition 2 because in the majority of the cases the efficiency theoretical possible levels are unknown. Definition 2 (Relative Efficiency): A DMU is to be rated as fully (100%) efficient on the basis of available eviden ce if and only if the performances of other DMUs does not show that some of its inputs or outputs can be improved without worsening some of its other inputs or outputs. (Cooper, et al., 2004). Here it is important to mention that this definition is sparing two needs firstly is the need of weights to show the relative importance of the different inputs or outputs and secondly is the need of noticing the formal relations that are supposed to exist between inputs and outputs. 2.5.2 Data envelopment analysis history It was in the mid 50s where the first approach to DEA was developed by Farrell (1957) as he was in need to create a better way to evaluate efficiency and productivity this need raised after his unsuccessful tries to simultaneously use the measurements of several inputs in efficiency measurement as he came up with an analytical approach that could solve the problem. (Cooper, et al., 2004). After Farrell studies several models and methods was developed where the first DEA model named CCR model referred to Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978) which raised in response to the thesis efforts of Edwardo Rhodes Under the supervision of W.W. Cooper, this thesis was to be directed to evaluate educational programs for disadvantaged students in a series of large scale studies undertaken in U.S. Rhodes secured access to the data being processed for that study, the data base was sufficiently large so that issues of degrees of freedom, etc., were not a serious problem despite the numerous input and output variables used in the study. Since the initial study by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes some 2000 articles have appeared in the literature. See Cooper, Seiford and Tone (2000). See also G. Tavares (2003). Such rapid growth and widespread (and almost immediate) acceptance of the methodology of DEA is testimony to its strengths and applicability. Researchers in a number of fields have quickly recognized that DEA is an excellent methodology for modeling operational processes, and its empirical orientation and minimization of a priori assumptions has resulted in its use in a number of studies involving efficient frontier estimation in the nonprofit sector, in the regulated sector, and in the private sector. At present, DEA actually encompasses a variety of alternate (but related) approaches to evaluating performance. Extensions to the original CCR work have resulted in a deeper analysis of both the multiplier side from the dual model and the envelopment side from the pri mal model of the mathematical duality structure. Properties such as isotonicity, nonconcavity, economies of scale, piecewise linearity, Cobb-Douglas loglinear forms, discretionary and nondiscretionary inputs, categorical variables, and ordinal relationships can also be treated through DEA. Actually the concept of a frontier is more general than the concept of a production function which has been regarded as fundamental in economics in that the frontier concept admits the possibility of multiple production functions, one for each DMU, with the frontier boundaries consisting of supports which are tangential to the more efficient members of the set of such frontiers. 2.5.3 Data envelopment analysis models BCC The BCC model is one of the most commonly used DEA models. It is credited to Banker, Charnes, and Cooper. This model differs from the CCR model in that it exhibits variable returns to scale rather than constant returns to scale. CCR Perhaps the most commonly used DEA model originating with Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes. This model exhibits constant returns to scale. Book pdf 2.5.4 Definitions Book pdf Inputs and outputs Inputs are the resources used by a DMU in achieving its goals. Inputs are bads in that increasing levels of an input while holding everything else constant should generally result in a lower efficiency score. Outputs have the opposite property. Examples of DEA inputs might include the number of staff assigned to a team or capital expenditures in networking. Outputs might be lines of code or reduced computing time. Orientation DEA models often have two important but underappreciated variations based on the orientation of the model. An input-oriented model primarily focuses on input reduction while an output-oriented primarily model focuses on output augmentation. Returns to scale Two of the most common returns to scale assumptions are constant and variable. Constant returns to scale (or CRS) implies that doubling each of the inputs used by a DMU should double each of the outputs. Variable returns to scale (or VRS) implies that doubling each of the inpu ts used by a DMU does not necessarily double each of the outputs. weight restrictions DEA normally does not place any restrictions on the relative trade-offs between the inputs or the trade-offs between the outputs. This can lead to unrealistic or extreme trade-offs. Various weight restriction techniques can be applied to overcome this. 2.5.5 Data envelopment analysis strengths and limitations C. Strengths of Data Envelopment Analysis DAE is considered an excellent technique when used in the right position; its excellence comes from its ability of dealing with multiple inputs and outputs, it doesnt require to unify the units between inputs and outputs and that each DMU can be compared against a combination of other DMUs Although it considered a powerful tool it still have its limitations that must be kept in mind in order to decide either to use or not to use DEA ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Since DEA is an extreme point technique, noise (even symmetrical noise with zero mean) such as measurement error can cause problems. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ DEA is good at estimating relative efficiency of a DMU, but it converges very slowly to true efficiency. In other words, it can tell you how well you are doing compared to your peers but not compared to a theoretical maximum. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Since DEA is a nonparametric technique, stat istical hypothesis tests are difficult and are the focus of ongoing research. Since a standard formulation of DEA creates a separate linear program for each DMU, large problems can be computationally intensive. Naive implementations of DEA using off-the-shelf linear programming packages can result in computational problems. I have frequently seen this with respect to the Excel Solver and poorly scaled data. This has improved in recent versions of Excel (Excel 2000s Solver seems to be much more robust), but the prevalence of degeneracy and potential for cycling are still cause for concern. Book pdf 2.6 Previous studies 2.6.1 Introduction This section will highlight on the previous researches that assessed DEA as a selection tools used by portfolio managers in their investment decisions. 2.6.2 Stock selection using data envelopment analysis previous studies. The first research done to assess the use of DEA models in stock selection and to compare the performances of the portfolios constructed by DEA analysis versus stock market indices was carried out by Hsin-Hung Chen (2008). In his study Hsin-Hung Chen used two DEA models the CCR and BCC models to evaluate the efficiency of the firms listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange to construct portfolios by selecting stocks with high efficiency from the listed stocks, where the return rates of the portfolios constructed by DEA models and market indices were compared via empirical data analysis. In this study Hsin-Hung Chen used average equity, average asset, and sales cost as inputs for the DEA models and he used revenues, operating profit and net income as outputs for the DEA models where the software DEA-Frontier was used to solve the DEA models. Hsin-Hung Chen used the historical financial ratios and stock prices of the firms listed in eight major industries on the Taiwan Stock Excha nge as the empirical data, where stocks are selected by DEA methods for portfolio construction. The empirical data used in this study covers the period from the second quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2007. Based on the financial data of the second quarter of 2004, stocks are selected and portfolios are constructed then the performances of these portfolios in the next quarter (the third quarter of 2004) are compared with the average returns of all stocks in the eight major industries. From the second quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2007, the same procedure is repeated to construct portfolios and compare their performances with average industry stock returns in the next quarter. As a conclusion of the research portfolios constructed by DEA models demonstrated good ability to create noticeably superior returns. The BCC portfolios achieved superior returns of 6.90 per cent, 3.48 per cent, 6.51 per cent and the CCR portfolios achieved superior returns of 5.86 per cent, 4 .16 per cent, 5.72 per cent for year 1, year 2 and year 3, respectively. Another research was done by Ana Lopes (2008) DEA investment strategy in the Brazilian stock market, this research assessed a multi-period investment strategy applied to the Brazilian stock market using DEA models to select efficient stocks where price to earnings ratio, beta, and return volatility for each stock where the inputs and earnings per share, and the last 12, 36, and 60 month return where the outputs. To be included in the sample the stock should belong to the IBrX-100 index (the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange value-weighted index) at the beginning of each of the 22 quarters along the period of Jan/2001 to Jun/2006. Stocks considered to be efficient were selected to make up a portfolio at the beginning of a quarter. In each of the 22 quarters DEA-portfolio was composed by an investment of the same proportion for each efficient stock so the portfolio was equally weighted. The acquisition of the stocks on the first day of a quarter and the sale on the last day of the same quarter was simulated. For the calculation of the return for each stock, the closing price on the first and last day of the quarter was used. The same procedure was adopted for calculating the IBrX100 index returns. The research results showed that during the 22 quarters the portfolio constructed via DEA performed much better than the IBrX-100 index. Lopes, Ana, Edgar Lanzer, Marcus Lima, and Newton da Costa, Jr., (2008) DEA investment strategy in the Brazilian stock market. Economics Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 1-10 2.7 The Case of Kuwait

A Research Methodology On Marketing Strategy And Motivation

4.0. Methodology This section explores the research methodology used. It is split into 5 segments. These include the research approach, design, data collection, analysis and ethical considerations. To summarise, the research takes an interpretive approach to understanding internationalisation strategy and motivation. This section outlines the use of a qualitative research design, implementing non-probability sampling to gather information from the sampling units. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with international marketing managers (sampling unit) that represented each of the institutions. These interviews have been transcribed – See Appendix 1. Once transcribed, data was analysed using open coding, in accordance with Strauss and Corbin’s (1997) grounded theory. Finally, the methodology considers ethical issues related to anonymity of each institution. 4.1. Research Approach Saunders et al (2009) define paradigm as a process of understanding and identifying social phenomena. Burrell and Morgan (1979) developed a framework to understand the four major paradigms of social theory. These include, radical humanist, radical structuralist, interpretive and functionalist – See Figure 3. Figure 3: The four paradigms of social theory (Saunders et al, 2009, p.120) The bottom-left segment represents the interpretive paradigm, influenced by the subjectivist and regulative conceptual dimensions. Subjectivism is concerned with understanding the meanings associatedShow MoreRelatedThe Radio And Media Company1133 Words   |  5 Pagesexperimenting different way of doing the marketing strategies, because it is one of the best way we can learn to get better and also i got to do it on a live dynamic market it has given me a lot of input about the do s and don ts on the marketing business. 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Wellness programs try to Be welcoming Free Essays

AH, July: an ideal time of year for morning runs, long swims, family bike rides and picnic tables laden with seasonal produce. In short, it’s healthy time.  Unfortunately, it’s also health care time — when managers must contend with rising health insurance premiums as they plan next year’s budget. We will write a custom essay sample on Wellness programs try to Be welcoming or any similar topic only for you Order Now   What is a cost-conscious manager to do? The answer of the moment is to provide a wellness program, promoting healthy behavior year-round. According to a survey by the Hay Group, a consulting firm, more than half of all large companies offer some combination of services like nutrition education, weight management assistance, health risk assessments, and help with quitting smoking; more than a quarter offer things like fitness coaching and discounts on health club memberships.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was basically out of the business for the better part of the decade,† said Michael Carter, a vice president at Hay responsible for employee health management consulting. â€Å"Now everybody’s my new best friend.† On the surface, it is hard to see anything wrong with urging employees to tone up and trim down. A fitter work force is a happier work force, and less costly, too.  But wellness programs can be minefields. Some employees may resent the programs, viewing them as examples of father-knows-best intrusiveness. At least one program has even formed the background for a lawsuit. The biggest challenge of wellness programs is to reach the employees who would get the most out of them. Gym rats will always take advantage of benefits like discounted health club memberships — but they would probably work out anyway, and discounts may not be enough for those who are seriously overweight or out of shape.  Personalized incentives like fitness coaching and nutrition counseling are often a better way to reach employees in the middle group who just need a little encouragement. It is also crucial to make accommodations for disabled employees. And the tone taken is crucial: who wants the boss telling you to eat your spinach? A program that feels coercive will probably never be as popular as one with positive incentives, like cheaper health insurance.  Employees respond best to wellness programs that are presented as a form of organizational change, rather than as a top-down imposition of new requirements, according to a study of 243 employees by Ellen Ernst Kossek, a professor of human resource management and organizational behavior at Michigan State University, and two colleagues.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It shouldn’t be, ‘Here’s this program,’ † she said. â€Å"It should be linked to ‘How do we make a workplace that’s healthy for everyone.’ †Ã‚  Scotts Miracle-Gro has one of the most extensive wellness programs on offer. Services include personalized fitness coaching and a $5 million wellness center at its headquarters in Marysville, Ohio, with a gym and medical facilities. The company also has a policy against hiring workers who smoke, where state law permits. Participation in Scotts’ wellness programs is high — but the company has also seen an unexpected side effect from its efforts.  Last year, Scott Rodrigues filed suit against the company in Massachusetts, saying that Scotts fired him after a drug test found nicotine in his system and that the company’s antismoking policy violated his civil rights.  Harvey Schwartz, Mr. Rodrigues’s lawyer, said the case was also an example of benefits discrimination, where a company dismisses an employee to avoid high benefits costs.  In a motion to dismiss the case, which is pending, Scotts said that Mr. Rodrigues had not actually been hired but had been offered a job on the condition that he pass a drug screen, including a test for nicotine. â€Å"When you look at controlling costs,† said Su Lok, a Scotts spokeswoman, smoking â€Å"is something that employers are really taking a stand on.† The company had no comment on the specific case because it is ongoing.  Union Pacific Railroad has had a smoother ride with its longstanding wellness program. The proportion of health insurance claims related to lifestyle has dropped by 11 percentage points over 11 years, said Marcy Zauha, the company’s director for health and safety. Union Pacific, based in Omaha, offers some companywide wellness benefits, including health risk assessments and stop-smoking plans. But much of the program, including regional walking contests and group weight-loss efforts, is administered locally. Managers’ health promotion initiatives are included in their annual reviews.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We’ve tried to build health into our existing culture,† Ms. Zauha said. Fiserv, a financial services technology company based in Brookfield Wis., created a wellness program in 2005 to better recruit and retain employees.  Fiserv employees who fill out a health risk assessment receive a sizable discount on their monthly health insurance premium. There are also companywide fitness challenges: in a recent eight-week walking contest, participants were issued pedometers, and anyone who walked 7,000 steps a day received a prize. Teams have to been known to question whether their rivals really log the number of steps claimed. But that was fine with Linda Schuessler, manager of wellness promotion.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"As long as they’re engaged,† Ms. Schuessler said, â€Å"we don’t really mind those concerns.† (this is the copyofth article from NY Times,http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600en=ded5f6bb661041b0ei=5070#) Journal Assignment The concept at hand is about how managers and company heads would make the most out of their companies by introducing a healthy lifestyle to their employees. It is evident that today, health care costs are so high that rising health insurance premiums would surely be in the way of budgeting for the company (Holland). Obviously, these company heads and managers should not jeopardize the health of their employees, that they should provide the necessary things for their wellness. But surely, this would cost them that it wouldn’t be that easy to pull out strings and fix the budget. That is why these managers should resort to a way that would be more cost effective and keep them from harms way of these health care costs. The article discusses how managers and company heads employ human resource management in order to do away with the costly expenses of health care and health insurances that they provide to the employees. But this doesn’t mean that they neglect the health of these working people. It is true that these people are very important to the company, that these companies need them in order to be productive, which is why it is important that their every need will be given to them or will be addressed. What these company leaders and managers do is that they make sure that these employees are healthy so that they can avert the spending that they’ll have to give when any of these gets sick or has health problems. In order not to shoulder the burden of health care and health insurance premiums, they offered to keep them fit in their own ways. In order to do so, these companies offer basically every health guidance and services that they can offer to the employees. These includes educating them regarding nutrition and proper diet, weight management assistance, health risk assessments and checkups, fitness coaching and giving out memberships for fitness groups and health clubs. Through this, the company themselves are able to ensure that their employees are fit and are far from harms way, thus saving them the costs of health care for these people. Thus, the companies’ budgets will not be greatly affected. If you would relate this approach in human resource management, you could see that this is more on the incentive aspect, wherein you provide your employees something that would keep them going to work. For those who are concerned with their health and well-being, they would surely grab the opportunity of free health club memberships and nutrition education. This is positive for the company, since the employees themselves are the ones who initiate in keeping themselves healthy. Remember, the main concern of the company in this issue is how they can do away with the extra costs of health care and health insurance premiums for their employees. Regarding the effectiveness of this approach, the article states that there are already several large-scale companies who adopted this system. They have their own health clubs and offer free membership to their employees. They say that these greatly helps them in cutting costs, thus the allotted budget for healthcare would be saved. There are still some who are not that much into health stuffs, people who think that nutrition education is like intruding with their lives. These people are those who would most likely have health risks and should be given enough consideration in order to engage them in these health programs. Human resource management surely entails various levels of dealing with the people you are handling. This includes how you handle them, and the ways on how you are able to manage them, making them do what they’re suppose to do. This is where healthcare comes in, wherein their safety and well being is not only their concern, but should also be the company’s priority. When their wellness goes down, the company goes down as well, in terms of both manpower and monetary aspects. Reference: Holland, K. (2007). Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming, Too. The New York Times. Published July 22, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600en=ded5f6bb661041b0ei=5070# How to cite Wellness programs try to Be welcoming, Essay examples Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming Free Essays AH, July: an ideal time of year for morning runs, long swims, family bike rides and picnic tables laden with seasonal produce. In short, it’s healthy time. Unfortunately, it’s also health care time — when managers must contend with rising health insurance premiums as they plan next year’s budget. We will write a custom essay sample on Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is a cost-conscious manager to do? The answer of the moment is to provide a wellness program, promoting healthy behavior year-round. According to a survey by the Hay Group, a consulting firm, more than half of all large companies offer some combination of services like nutrition education, weight management assistance, health risk assessments, and help with quitting smoking; more than a quarter offer things like fitness coaching and discounts on health club memberships. â€Å"I was basically out of the business for the better part of the decade,† said Michael Carter, a vice president at Hay responsible for employee health management consulting. â€Å"Now everybody’s my new best friend.† On the surface, it is hard to see anything wrong with urging employees to tone up and trim down. A fitter work force is a happier work force, and less costly, too. But wellness programs can be minefields. Some employees may resent the programs, viewing them as examples of father-knows-best intrusiveness. At least one program has even formed the background for a lawsuit. The biggest challenge of wellness programs is to reach the employees who would get the most out of them. Gym rats will always take advantage of benefits like discounted health club memberships — but they would probably work out anyway, and discounts may not be enough for those who are seriously overweight or out of shape. Personalized incentives like fitness coaching and nutrition counseling are often a better way to reach employees in the middle group who just need a little encouragement. It is also crucial to make accommodations for disabled employees. And the tone taken is crucial: who wants the boss telling you to eat your spinach? A program that feels coercive will probably never be as popular as one with positive incentives, like cheaper health insurance. Employees respond best to wellness programs that are presented as a form of organizational change, rather than as a top-down imposition of new requirements, according to a study of 243 employees by Ellen Ernst Kossek, a professor of human resource management and organizational behavior at Michigan State University, and two colleagues. â€Å"It shouldn’t be, ‘Here’s this program,’ † she said. â€Å"It should be linked to ‘How do we make a workplace that’s healthy for everyone.’ † Scotts Miracle-Gro has one of the most extensive wellness programs on offer. Services include personalized fitness coaching and a $5 million wellness center at its headquarters in Marysville, Ohio, with a gym and medical facilities. The company also has a policy against hiring workers who smoke, where state law permits. Participation in Scotts’ wellness programs is high — but the company has also seen an unexpected side effect from its efforts. Last year, Scott Rodrigues filed suit against the company in Massachusetts, saying that Scotts fired him after a drug test found nicotine in his system and that the company’s antismoking policy violated his civil rights. Harvey Schwartz, Mr. Rodrigues’s lawyer, said the case was also an example of benefits discrimination, where a company dismisses an employee to avoid high benefits costs. In a motion to dismiss the case, which is pending, Scotts said that Mr. Rodrigues had not actually been hired but had been offered a job on the condition that he pass a drug screen, including a test for nicotine. â€Å"When you look at controlling costs,† said Su Lok, a Scotts spokeswoman, smoking â€Å"is something that employers are really taking a stand on.† The company had no comment on the specific case because it is ongoing. Union Pacific Railroad has had a smoother ride with its longstanding wellness program. The proportion of health insurance claims related to lifestyle has dropped by 11 percentage points over 11 years, said Marcy Zauha, the company’s director for health and safety. Union Pacific, based in Omaha, offers some companywide wellness benefits, including health risk assessments and stop-smoking plans. But much of the program, including regional walking contests and group weight-loss efforts, is administered locally. Managers’ health promotion initiatives are included in their annual reviews. â€Å"We’ve tried to build health into our existing culture,† Ms. Zauha said. Fiserv, a financial services technology company based in Brookfield Wis., created a wellness program in 2005 to better recruit and retain employees. Fiserv employees who fill out a health risk assessment receive a sizable discount on their monthly health insurance premium. There are also companywide fitness challenges: in a recent eight-week walking contest, participants were issued pedometers, and anyone who walked 7,000 steps a day received a prize. Teams have to been known to question whether their rivals really log the number of steps claimed. But that was fine with Linda Schuessler, manager of wellness promotion. â€Å"As long as they’re engaged,† Ms. Schuessler said, â€Å"we don’t really mind those concerns.† (this is the copy of the article from NY Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600en=ded5f6bb661041b0ei=5070#) Journal Assignment The concept at hand is about how managers and company heads would make the most out of their companies by introducing a healthy lifestyle to their employees. It is evident that today, health care costs are so high that rising health insurance premiums would surely be in the way of budgeting for the company (Holland). Obviously, these company heads and managers should not jeopardize the health of their employees, that they should provide the necessary things for their wellness. But surely, this would cost them that it wouldn’t be that easy to pull out strings and fix the budget. That is why these managers should resort to a way that would be more cost effective and keep them from harms way of these health care costs. The article discusses how managers and company heads employ human resource management in order to do away with the costly expenses of health care and health insurances that they provide to the employees. But this doesn’t mean that they neglect the health of these working people. It is true that these people are very important to the company, that these companies need them in order to be productive, which is why it is important that their every need will be given to them or will be addressed. What these company leaders and managers do is that they make sure that these employees are healthy so that they can avert the spending that they’ll have to give when any of these gets sick or has health problems. In order not to shoulder the burden of health care and health insurance premiums, they offered to keep them fit in their own ways. In order to do so, these companies offer basically every health guidance and services that they can offer to the employees. These includes educating them regarding nutrition and proper diet, weight management assistance, health risk assessments and checkups, fitness coaching and giving out memberships for fitness groups and health clubs. Through this, the company themselves are able to ensure that their employees are fit and are far from harms way, thus saving them the costs of health care for these people. Thus, the companies’ budgets will not be greatly affected. If you would relate this approach in human resource management, you could see that this is more on the incentive aspect, wherein you provide your employees something that would keep them going to work. For those who are concerned with their health and well-being, they would surely grab the opportunity of free health club memberships and nutrition education. This is positive for the company, since the employees themselves are the ones who initiate in keeping themselves healthy. Remember, the main concern of the company in this issue is how they can do away with the extra costs of health care and health insurance premiums for their employees.   Regarding the effectiveness of this approach, the article states that there are already several large-scale companies who adopted this system. They have their own health clubs and offer free membership to their employees. They say that these greatly helps them in cutting costs, thus the allotted budget for healthcare would be saved. There are still some who are not that much into health stuffs, people who think that nutrition education is like intruding with their lives. These people are those who would most likely have health risks and should be given enough consideration in order to engage them in these health programs. Human resource management surely entails various levels of dealing with the people you are handling. This includes how you handle them, and the ways on how you are able to manage them, making them do what they’re suppose to do. This is where healthcare comes in, wherein their safety and well being is not only their concern, but should also be the company’s priority. When their wellness goes down, the company goes down as well, in terms of both manpower and monetary aspects. Reference: Holland, K. (2007). Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming, Too. The New York Times. Published July 22, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600en=ded5f6bb661041b0ei=5070# How to cite Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming, Essay examples

Wayne Gretzky Essays (999 words) - Wayne Gretzky, Pacific Division

Wayne Gretzky COMPARE TWO BIOGRAPHIES OF WAYNE GRETZKY In this essay, I need to compare two biographies of a famous person. I will plot out the difference and compare the two books considering point of view, bias, aim, omission, interest and interpretation. This person is my hero and idol. He is one of the great player in the history of hockey. He set the all-time NHL scoring record in 26 seasons and got four Stanley cup in a row from 1984-1988. He is Wayne Gretzky, the most brilliant and talent hockey player in this century. Ichose the Gretzky and Taylor and Gretzky with Rick Reilly. The book Gretzky with Rick Reilly was an autobiography. It showed how Wayne Gretzky from his AHL to a famous NHL player. In this book, there were a lot of Gretzky's childhood. We knew that Wayne Gretzky could skate at two years old. He was well known by people at six. When he was ten, he was signing autographs and had a national magazine article written about him. A thirty- minutes national television show done on him at fifteen. It also talk about Gretzky's hero when he was a kid. He was a funny guy. He was Gretzky's hockey instructor. He was also his lacrosse, baseball basketball and cross country coach. He was not only coach, but also trainer and chauffeur. Gretzky called him dad, his name was Walter. However, in the book Gretzky and Taylor, it did not show anything in Gretzky's childhood. It was started when Gretzky became the NHL player, a member of Edmonton Oiler's rookie. How he became the hall of the frame. The description of this book was very interesting. The writer show the thing through the game. For example the first chapter was talking about the 1984 Stanley Cup final between the Edmonton Oilers and New York Islander. Wayne, he said, don't worry about not scoring so far. Just make sure that when you do get a goal for us is a big one. (Page 15 Gretzky and Taylor ) From this conversation, we could know what had happen at that time. So, there was different between the point of view of those two books. Although this two books had the different point of view, they both had the same aim. They also showed to young people that worked hard was the only source of success. In the book Gretzky with Rick Reilly, Gretzky showed his talent when he was young. He was national knew at six. There was even a wild rumors that the New York Rangers were going to buy the entry Brantford Pee Wee franchise, so that they had the right to take him when he turn the greater. But behind the success, did you know how much Gretzky put on the hockey. In the winter, Gretzky would get in the mourning, skated from seven o' clock to eight- thirty, went to school, came back home at three thirty, stayed on the ice until his mother ready the dinner, ate in his skater, then went back out until nine o' clock. On Saturday and Sundays, he would have games played with his neighborhood. So looked how much times that Gretzky put on the practice and that time he was six. Also in the book Gretzky and Taylor, because of Brantford, the home of Wayne Gretzky. He left home at fourteen. He moved to Toronto, playing with the Toronto Young Nationals, Junior B. The years in Toronto were no way for a kid. He was lonely, living without family. But why Gretzky chose to do this? It was because he could go to school and nobody knew who he was and he would play better hockey. So now we can see how Gretzky was so successful. We could clearly see the omission between these tow book. It was because the Gretzky and Taylor was published in 1984, there was a great omission in Gretzky's life. This thing happened in 1988, the Edmonton Oilers wanted to tread Gretzky to L.A. Kings. That was the most important trade in the NHL. The book Gretzky with Rick Reilly was published in 1900. So it had some more detail in this event. After the Oilers had won